Variable | Finding | LDA | RDA | AV | Total | Chi2 | Additional tests | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | Median | 8.0a | 7.0b | 7.0bc | 7.5 | – | KW, BoCo |  < 0.05 |
(n = 1905) | (25–75% pc) | (6.0–8.5) | (6.0–8.0) | (5.0–8.0) | 1.4 (6.0–8.0) |  |  |  |
 | Normal (7.0–8.0) | 521 (40.1%) | 126 (38.9%) | 102 (36.3%) | 749 (39.3%) | 33** | Boph |  < 0.05 |
 | Decreased (4.0–6.9) | 429a (33.0%) | 125a (38.6%) | 138b (49.1%) | 692 (36.3%) |  |  |  |
 | Increased (8.1–9.0) | 350a (26.9%) | 73a (22.5%) | 41b (14.6%) | 464 (24.4%) |  |  |  |
Specific gravity | Median | 1.020a | 1.025b | 1.027b | 1.022 | – | KW, BoCo |  < 0.05 |
(n = 1802) | (25–75% pc) | (1.010–1.028) | (1.015–1.032) | (1.018–1.035) | (1.012–1.030) |  |  |  |
 | Normal (1.020–1.040) | 622a (50.8%) | 179b (58.7%) | 178b (65.2%) | 979 (54.3%) | 62** | Boph |  < 0.05 |
 | Decreased (1.000–1.039) | 562a (45.9%) | 99b (32.5%) | 71b (26.0%) | 732 (40.6%) |  |  |  |
 | Increased (1.041–1.060) | 40a (3.3%) | 27b (8.9%) | 24b (8.8%) | 91 (5.0%) |  |  |  |
Ketone bodies (mg/dL) | Negative (< 10) | 546a (41.6%) | 217b (66.2%) | 217c (76.7%) | 980 (51.0%) | 164** | Boph |  < 0.05 |
(n = 1923) |  + , +  + (10–50) | 507a (38.6%) | 84b (25.6%) | 53c (18.8%) | 644 (33.5%) |  |  |  |
 |  +  +  + , +  +  +  + (≥ 150) | 259a (19.7%) | 27b (8.2%) | 13b (4.6%) | 299 (15.5%) |  |  |  |
Protein (mg/dL) (n = 1917) | Negative (< 30) | 704 (53.8%) | 166 (50.9%) | 153 (54.1%) | 1023 (53.4%) | 2.6 ns | – | - |
 |  + , +  + (30–100) | 600 (45.9%) | 159 (48.8%) | 129 (45.6%) | 888 (46.3%) |  |  |  |
 |  +  +  + , +  +  +  + (> 100) | 4 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 6 (0.4%) |  |  |  |
Erythrocytes (per high- | Negative (< 5) | 737 (56.5%) | 168 (51.7%) | 138 (48.9%) | 1043 (54.6%) | 15 ns | – | – |
power field) (n = 1912) |  + to +  + (5–25) | 354 (27.1%) | 88 (27.0%) | 75 (26.6%) | 517 (27.0%) |  |  |  |
 |  +  +  + , +  +  +  + (50–250) | 214 (16.4%) | 69 (21.2%) | 6 (24.5%) | 352 (18.4%) |  |  |  |
Glucose (mg/dL) | Negative (< 50) | 1093a (83.4%) | 242b (74.2%) | 178c (63.1%) | 1513 (78.8%) | 80** | Boph |  < 0.05 |
(n = 1919) |  + , +  + (50–100) | 145 (11.0%) | 42 (12.8%) | 53 (18.8%) | 240 (12.5%) |  |  |  |
 |  +  +  + , +  +  +  + (300–1000) | 73a (5.5%) | 42b (12.9%) | 51b (18.1%) | 166 (8.6%) |  |  |  |