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Table 2 Demeanour, appearance and signs of pain in 1982 cows with LDA, RDA and AV

From: Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

Variable

Finding

LDA n (%)

RDA n (%)

AV n (%)

Total n (%)

Chi2

Additional tests

P

Demeanour

Normal

8 (0.6)

1 (0.3)

2 (0.7)

11 (0.6)

189**

Boph

 < 0.05

 

Mildly abnormal

805a (60.0)

139b (41.1)

71c (23.4)

1015 (51.2)

   
 

Moderately abnormal

500a (37.3)

176b (52.1)

189c (62.4)

865 (43.6)

   
 

Severely abnormal

28a (2.1)

22b (6.5)

41c (13.5)

91 (4.6)

   

Posture

Arched back

76 (5.7)

17 (5.0)

12 (4.0)

105 (5.3)

1.5 ns

–

–

 

Sawhorse stance

31a (2.3)

22b (6.5)

22b (7.3)

75 (3.8)

25**

Boph

 < 0.05

 

Abducted elbows

33 (2.5)

8 (2.4)

5 (1.7)

46 (2.3)

0.7 ns

–

–

 

Droopy ears

15a (1.1)

13b (3.8)

13b (4.3)

41 (2.1)

19**

–

–

 

Head and neck extended

8 (0.6)

2 (0.6)

2 (0.7)

12 (0.6)

0.1 ns

–

–

 

Low head carriage

6 (0.4)

1 (0.3)

2 (0.7)

9 (0.5)

0.5 ns

–

–

 

Recumbent

10 (0.7)

5 (1.5)

5 (1.7)

20 (1.0)

2.9 ns

–

–

Abdomen

Normal

1042a (77.7)

293b (86.7)

225a (74.3)

1560 (78.7)

386**

Boph

 < 0.05

 

Left flank distended

281a (21.0)

0b (0)

0b (0)

281 (14.2)

   
 

Right flank distended

0a (0)

30b (8.9)

52c (17.2)

82 (4.1)

   
 

Enlarged

15a (1.1)

12b (3.6)

24c (7.9)

51 (2.6)

   
 

Papple shape

3 (0.2)

3 (0.9)

2 (0.7)

8 (0.4)

   

Signs of pain

Bruxism

209 (15.6)

45 (13.3)

38 (12.5)

292 (14.7)

2.5 ns

–

–

 

Shifting weight in hind limbs

56a (4.2)

19ab (5.6)

23b (7.6)

98 (4.9)

6.5*

Boph

 < 0.05

 

Muscle tremors

44 (3.3)

14 (4.1)

13 (4.3)

71 (3.6)

1.1 ns

–

–

 

Colic

9a (0.7)

23b (6.8)

25b (8.3)

57 (2.9)

73**

Boph

 < 0.05

 

Spontaneous grunting

18a (1.3)

8ab (2.4)

12b (4.0)

38 (1.9)

9.4**

Boph

 < 0.05

  1. Boph Bonferroni post hoc test
  2. Ns not significant
  3. *P < 0.05
  4. **P < 0.01
  5. Within rows, values with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05)