Table 4 Methods of assessment
From: In vivo models of Escherichia coli infection in poultry
Microbiological assessment | Gross pathological assessment | Histopathological assessment | Statistical assessment | Other assessmentsa | Randomisation | Blinding | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liver, spleen, and yolk sac was cultured | No. Evaluated in subsequent trial investigating immune stimulants | No | No. Used in subsequent trial investigating immune stimulants | No | No | No | [10] |
Yes. Bacterial load in lung, blood (CFU/mL), and liver Defined anatomical parts of the organs were used for determination of CFU/g | Yes. Lesions of colibacillosis according to a scoring scheme | No | Yes | Clinical signs (defined signs for mild and moderate) | No | No | [12] |
Yes. Tissue samples from lung, kidney, liver, heart, spleen and brain was weighed, homogenised and tenfold dilutions were made | Yes. According to a scoring scheme | Yes | Yes | Multiplex PCR to determine the presence of APEC associated virulence genes of the non-pathogenic strain (IMT11327) Clinical scoring according to a grading system | No | No | [11] |
1Â g of liver, heart, peritoneum, ovary and oviduct were homogenised in BHI with subsequent tenfold dilutions | Yes. According to a scoring scheme | Yes | Yes | Clinical signs according to a scoring scheme | No | No | [13] |
Swabs (cellulitis, pericardium, air sac) onto blood agar and MacConkey Birds found dead: spleen was swabbed in addition Bacteraemia induction: peripheral blood at 6Â h and 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 dpi | Yes | No | Yes | Weight prior to challenge and necropsy | No | No | [14] |
Transport swabs were used for sampling of liver, air sac, knee synovial membrane, and all lesions comparable with the turkey osteomyelitis complex | Yes. According to a scheme | No | Yes | Weighed | No | No | [15] |
Yes. Swab (right thoracic air sac, liver, spleen, peritoneum, infundibulum and magnum of salpinx, femoral bone marrow, trachea and the left (homogenised) lung | Yes. According to a systematic scheme | Yes | Yes | An air sampler (AeroCollect®) was used for CFU measurements within the chamber during exposure Organ/BW-ratio of lung, liver, and spleen | Yes. Stated for gross pathology assessment | Yes. Stated for gross pathology assessment | [5] |
Yes. Bone marrow of femur | Yes | No | Yes | Air samples immediately following termination of aerosolization | No | No | [16] |
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | [22] |
Swabs inoculated into BHI and subsequently plated onto MacConkey | Yes | No | Yes | BW prior to inoculation and at the time of death Blood samples for bacteriaemia assessment | No | No | [17] |
No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | [18] |
No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | [21] |
Yes. Air sac, pericardial sac, and liver (direct streak) | Yes. According to a scoring scheme | No | Yes | No | No | No | [20] |
Swabs from the peritoneum, ovary, and the infundibulum, isthmus and uterus of the oviduct with semiquantitative scoring of growth | Yes | Not on animals used to establish the model | Yes | Not on the birds used to establish the model | No | No | [19] |