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Table 1 Concentrations of electrolytes and urea (mM) in human stimulated saliva (n = 12) and in horse saliva (n = 4; mean of individual means of 4 samples/horse) at baseline (0 min) and after 50 min of forage chewing (mean ± SD and range)

From: Equine saliva components during mastication, and in vivo pH changes in the oral biofilm of sound and carious tooth surfaces after sucrose exposure

Electrolytesand urea

Saliva

Human

Horse

0 min

Horse

50 min

Naa

17.3 ± 13.0

(5–51.0)

5.75 ± 0.87

(5.0–6.5)

10.6 ± 4.0

(5.0–13.8)

K

23.5 ± 3.5

(17.8–28.6)

22.2 ± 2.72

(19.3–25.4)

34.4 ± 6.2

(25.7–40.2)

Ca

0.83 ± 0.19

0.52–1.16

1.37 ± 0.22

(1.21–1.70)

2.71 ± 0.57

(1.92–3.14)

P

5.00 ± 2.12

(2.8–9.8)

0.26 ± 0.05

(0.19–0.31)

0.37 ± 0.08

(0.30–0.46)

HCO3

21.1 ± 4.0

(17.0–30.0)

27.1 ± 2.39

(24.7–30.3)

27.5 ± 1.06

(26.5–29.0)

Urea

4.66 ± 1.62

(2.3–7.2)

2.67 ± 0.78

(1.60–3.45)

3.17 ± 0.61

(2.48–3.95)

  1. aValues < detection limit (10 mM) were set to 5 (3 human samples; 14 out of 16 values at 0 min and 10 out of 16 at 50 min for horses)