Variable | Models with all 17 selected predictorsa | Final modelsb | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Complete case analysis (n = 131) | Multiple imputation (n = 228) | Complete case analysis (n = 156) | Multiple imputation (n = 228) | |
Confounders forced into model | ||||
Age of farmer | 4.71** | 5.06*** | 7.15*** | 5.45*** |
Herd size | 0.13 | 0.1 | − 0.03 | 0.01 |
Housing | ||||
Tie stall | Reference | |||
Free stall | 95.80* | − 18.21 | 73.65* | 30.55 |
Region | ||||
South Sweden | Reference | |||
East Sweden | 13.21 | − 67.1 | 10.02 | − 49.54 |
West Sweden | − 43.05 | − 103.93* | − 53.1 | − 104.32* |
Middle Sweden | − 117.93 | − 171.90** | − 119.62 | − 143.15* |
North Sweden | − 49.84 | − 130.49* | − 70.88 | − 140.06** |
Predictors available for selection | ||||
Expected future herd size | ||||
Same or fewer | Reference | |||
Expand | − 48.23 | − 77.56* | ||
Probability that the farm will still be operating in 5 year | − 7.8 | − 0.94 | ||
Interest in animal breeding (genetic selection) | − 0.6 | − 16.11 | − 21.09** | |
Composition of workforce | ||||
Only family members | Reference | |||
Employee(s) | − 37.05 | − 50.03 | ||
Used preventive herd health advisory services during the last year | ||||
No | Reference | |||
Yes | − 43.1 | − 107.33** | − 121.41*** | − 124.26*** |
Used breeding advisory services during the last year | ||||
No | Reference | |||
Yes | 86.87* | 113.21** | 108.87** | 116.88** |
Calving occurs in individual calving pens | ||||
No | Reference | |||
Only individual calving pens | − 24.02 | − 60.42 | ||
Average time for dry-off (d) | − 1.11 | 1.69 | ||
Call veterinarian when recognizing a lame cow | 8.62 | 6.04 | ||
Move to isolation pen when recognizing a lame cow | − 7.14 | − 9.89 | ||
Call veterinarian when recognizing an unhealthy cow | 15.08 | 16.70* | 22.59*** | |
Move to isolation pen when recognizing an unhealthy cow | 9.39 | 5.12 | ||
Initiate treatment on my own when recognizing unhealthy cows | − 8.79 | − 4.69 | − 16.14*** | |
Intercept | 1295.35*** | 1483.90*** | 1317.05*** | 1366.83*** |