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Table 4 Univariable analysis for clinical variables from 822 horses on the primary presentation to veterinary practitioners for clinical signs of colic, categorised as critical or non-critical on the basis of case outcome

From: Prospective study of the primary evaluation of 1016 horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain by veterinary practitioners, and the differentiation of critical and non-critical cases

Variable

Coefficient

Odds ratio

95 % CI

P value

Continuous

 Age (years)

0.06

1.06

1.04–1.08

<0.001

 Estimated weight (kg)

−0.00

1.0

1.00–1.00

0.247

 Combined pain score (max. 17)

0.30

1.35

1.28–1.43

<0.001

 Heart rate (beats per minute)

0.08

1.08

1.07–1.10

<0.001

 Respiratory rate (breaths per minute)

0.06

1.06

1.05–1.08

<0.001

 Rectal temperature

−0.20

0.82

0.64–1.05

0.114

 Total gut sounds

−0.38

0.68

0.64–0.73

<0.001

Categorical

 Breed

  Pony

Ref.

   

  Arab/Arab ×

0.41

1.51

0.97–2.38

0.072

  Cob

0.87

2.38

0.90–6.31

0.081

  Cross breed

0.81

2.24

1.36–3.69

0.002

  Warm blood/sports horse

−0.07

0.93

0.30–2.87

0.901

  Heavy type

0.23

1.25

0.77–2.05

0.368

  Thoroughbred (TB)/TB ×

−0.71

0.49

0.11–2.19

0.352

 Sex

  Mare

Ref.

   

  Gelding

−0.09

0.91

0.66–1.27

0.588

  Stallion

−1.01

0.37

0.11–1.23

0.105

 Body condition score

  Thin

Ref.

   

  Moderate

0.41

1.51

0.85–2.66

0.158

  Overweight

−0.12

0.89

0.56–1.41

0.604

 Kicking

  None

Ref.

   

  Slight/occasional

0.11

1.11

0.76–1.63

0.583

  Moderate/frequent

0.98

2.65

1.65–4.27

<0.001

  Severe/continuous

2.39

10.89

2.83–41.91

0.001

 Pawing

  None

Ref.

   

  Slight/occasional

−0.39

0.68

.045–1.02

0.064

  Moderate/frequent

0.82

2.27

1.49–3.47

<0.001

  Severe/continuous

1.29

3.65

1.32–10.10

0.013

 Sweating

  None

Ref.

   

  Slight/occasional

0.59

1.80

1.14–2.83

0.011

  Moderate/frequent

1.98

7.28

4.59–11.52

<0.001

  Severe/continuous

3.03

20.70

10.32–41.5

<0.001

 Flank watching

  None

Ref.

   

  Slight/occasional

−0.28

0.76

0.50–1.15

0.194

  Moderate/frequent

0.82

2.26

1.45–3.53

<0.001

  Severe/continuous

2.13

8.44

2.49–28.58

0.001

 Attempts to lie down

  None

Ref.

   

  Slight/occasional

0.10

1.10

0.58–2.09

0.773

  Moderate/frequent

1.05

2.85

1.61–5.05

<0.001

  Severe/continuous

2.49

12.02

6.53–22.13

<0.001

 Demeanour

  Standing normally, BAR

Ref.

   

  Lowered head

1.75

5.73

3.48–9.43

<0.001

  Twitching/agitated

1.99

7.32

4.70–11.40

<0.001

 Absence of gut sounds

  No

Ref.

   

  Yes

2.12

8.33

5.77–12.03

<0.001

 Capillary refill time

  <2.5 s

Ref.

   

  >2.5 s

2.78

16.14

8.97–29.04

<0.001

 Mucous membrane colour

  Pink

Ref.

   

  Red

2.06

7.86

4.13–14.93

<0.001

  Cyanotic

4.87

130.1

17.6–964.1

<0.001

 Pulse character

  Strong

Ref.

   

  Weak

1.20

7.39

4.72–11.56

<0.001

 Recent management change

  None

Ref.

   

  Box rest

−1.72

0.180

0.04–.077

0.020

  Increased stabling

−0.26

0.77

0.34–1.76

0.538

  Decreased exercise

−1.65

0.19

0.03–1.50

0.115

  Moved yards

−0.25

0.78

0.37–1.66

0.522

  Field change/turnout

−0.82

0.44

0.21–0.93

0.032

  Diet/bedding change

−0.33

0.72

0.38–1.36

0.306

  Weather

−0.76

0.47

0.13–1.65

0.238

  Other

−0.18

0.84

0.32–2.17

0.711

 Recent faeces

  Faeces passed in past 6 h

Ref.

   

  No faeces within last 6 h

1.04

2.82

1.90–4.19

<0.001

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Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147