Table 5 Descriptions of hazards, their median scores and significance levels (Sig.) according to the final threshold model (see text).
From: Expert opinion as 'validation' of risk assessment applied to calf welfare
Description of hazards | Median | Sig. |
|---|---|---|
Insufficient contact with humans | 4.00 | a |
Separation from the dam | 4.00 | ac |
Too rich diet (overfeeding) | 5.00 | ac |
Lack of maternal care | 5.00 | ac |
Insufficient light | 6.00 | bce |
Mixing calves from different sources | 6.00 | deg |
No access to natural or artificial teat | 6.50 | eg |
Insufficient space for natural play (eg running and gamboling) | 6.00 | eg |
No bedding | 7.00 | dg |
Poor floor condition | 7.00 | fg |
Castration/dehorning, no anaesthetics | 6.00 | fi |
Inadequate/inappropriate ventilation | 7.00 | fi |
Iron deficiency | 7.00 | fi |
Insufficient/inadequate roughage | 7.00 | gik |
Insufficient floor space allowance | 7.50 | gik |
Poorly educated stockperson | 7.50 | gik |
Inadequate colostrum intake | 8.25 | hik |
Underfeeding | 9.00 | jk |