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Table 1 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from faecal samples from reindeer (n = 42) or "other" cervids (n = 137); moose (n = 48), red deer (n = 45) and roe deer (n = 44). The figures give the percentage distribution of isolates to the actual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Bold vertical lines denote breakpoints for resistance. White fields denote the range of dilutions tested for. MIC-values higher than the highest concentration tested for are given as the lowest MIC-value above the range. MIC-values equal to or lower than the lowest concentration are given as the lowest tested concentration.

From: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Verocytotoxic Escherichia coli, and Antibiotic Resistance in Indicator Organisms in Wild Cervids

Antimicrobial substance

Cervid species

Resistrant strains, %

Distribution of Escherichia coli isolates (%) to different MIC-values (mg/L)

   

0.032

0.064

0.125

0.25

0.5

1

2

4

8

16

32

64

128

256

512

1024

≥ 2048

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid

"Other"

0

      

5.8

65

27

2.2

       
 

Reindeer

0

      

64.3

35.7

         

Ampicillin

"Other"

0

     

8

72.3

17.5

1.5

0.7

       
 

Reindeer

0

     

14.3

76.2

9.5

         

Ceftiofur

"Other"

0

   

21.9

74.5

3.6

           
 

Reindeer

0

  

2.4

16.7

81

            

Chloramphenicol

"Other"

0

      

10.2

49.6

40.1

        
 

Reindeer

0

      

16.7

52.4

31

        

Enrofloxacin

"Other"

0

34.3

64.2

1.5

              
 

Reindeer

0

35.7

61.9

2.4

              

Florfenicol

"Other"

0

      

6.6

34.3

57.7

1.5

       
 

Reindeer

0

       

54.8

42.9

2.4

       

Gentamicin

"Other"

0

   

0.7

29.9

63.5

5.1

0.7

         
 

Reindeer

0

    

50

45.2

4.8

          

Nalidixic acid

"Other"

0

     

3.6

53.3

43.1

         
 

Reindeer

0

      

50

50

         

Neomycin

"Other"

0

     

47.4

48.2

4.4

         
 

Reindeer

0

      

97.6

2.4

         

Oxytetracycline

"Other"

1.5

    

1.5

20.4

40.1

35.8

0.7

  

1.5

     
 

Reindeer

7.1

     

52.4

40.5

     

7.1

    

Streptomycin

"Other"

0.7

      

0.7

38

56.2

4.4

 

0.7

     
 

Reindeer

21.4

       

33.3

40.5

2.4

2.4

9.5

9.5

2.4

   

Sulphamethoxazole

"Other"

1.5

           

98.5

   

1.5

 
 

Reindeer

9.5

          

88.1

2.4

    

9.5

Trimethoprim

"Other"

0.7

  

5.8

20.4

64.2

7.3

 

1.5

  

0.7

      
 

Reindeer

0

   

28.6

66.7

4.8