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Table 4 Composition of contaminated silages with and without additives. Values are means from 3 silos.

From: Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Wilted and Additive-Treated Grass Silage

Silage analyses

No additive

Formic acid

Lactic acid bacteria

 
 

30 days

90 days

30 days

90 days

30 days

90 days

LSD*

Low DM level (200 gDM/kg)

DM content (g/kg)

205

202

206

203

208

201

3.1

Water activity (aw)

0.99

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.99

0.95

0.016

pH

4.90

4.70

4.27

4.20

3.90

3.93

0.139

L. monocytogenes (log cfu/g)

2.2

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

1.60

Lactic acid (g/kgDM)

71

83

79

88

130

133

11.1

Acetic acid (g/kgDM)

8

12

11

22

10

9

1.8

Formic acid (g/kgDM)

0

0

3

4

0

0

-

Butyric acid (g/kgDM)

17

21

0

3

0

0

2.3

Ammonia-N (g/kg N)

100

114

74

89

69

72

9.5

Medium DM level (430 gDM/kg)

DM content (g/kg)

424

422

441

420

433

416

10.4

Water activity (aw)

0.96

0.96

0.98

0.97

0.95

0.95

0.008

pH

5.80

5.53

5.53

5.43

4.10

4.30

0.073

L. monocytogenes (log cfu/g)

7.9

nd

4.2

nd

nd

nd

0.44

Lactic acid (g/kgDM)

31

43

10

14

86

95

5.8

Acetic acid (g/kgDM)

4

5

2

3

5

6

0.3

Formic acid (g/kgDM)

0

0

5

4

0

0

-

Butyric acid (g/kgDM)

0

0

0

0

0

0

-

Ammonia-N (g/kg N)

58

81

28

45

47

46

1.8

  1. + nd = L. monocytogenes not detected; *LSD = least significant difference at p = 0.05.