From: Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Wilted and Additive-Treated Grass Silage
Silage analyses | No additive | Formic acid | Lactic acid bacteria | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 days | 90 days | 30 days | 90 days | 30 days | 90 days | LSD* | |
Low DM level (200 gDM/kg) | |||||||
DM content (g/kg) | 205 | 202 | 206 | 203 | 208 | 201 | 3.1 |
Water activity (aw) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.016 |
pH | 4.90 | 4.70 | 4.27 | 4.20 | 3.90 | 3.93 | 0.139 |
L. monocytogenes (log cfu/g) | 2.2 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.60 |
Lactic acid (g/kgDM) | 71 | 83 | 79 | 88 | 130 | 133 | 11.1 |
Acetic acid (g/kgDM) | 8 | 12 | 11 | 22 | 10 | 9 | 1.8 |
Formic acid (g/kgDM) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | - |
Butyric acid (g/kgDM) | 17 | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 |
Ammonia-N (g/kg N) | 100 | 114 | 74 | 89 | 69 | 72 | 9.5 |
Medium DM level (430 gDM/kg) | |||||||
DM content (g/kg) | 424 | 422 | 441 | 420 | 433 | 416 | 10.4 |
Water activity (aw) | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.008 |
pH | 5.80 | 5.53 | 5.53 | 5.43 | 4.10 | 4.30 | 0.073 |
L. monocytogenes (log cfu/g) | 7.9 | nd | 4.2 | nd | nd | nd | 0.44 |
Lactic acid (g/kgDM) | 31 | 43 | 10 | 14 | 86 | 95 | 5.8 |
Acetic acid (g/kgDM) | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 0.3 |
Formic acid (g/kgDM) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | - |
Butyric acid (g/kgDM) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Ammonia-N (g/kg N) | 58 | 81 | 28 | 45 | 47 | 46 | 1.8 |